Ruth Janetta Temple (1892-1984)

January 22, 2007 
/ Contributed By: Shirley Ann Wilson Moore

Ruth Temple|

Ruth Temple

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Dr. Ruth Janetta Temple was born in Natchez, Mississippi in 1892. After her fatherโ€™s death, the Temple family moved to Los Angeles, California in 1904 where her mother worked as a practical nurse and Ruth cared for her five siblings.ย  Templeโ€™s interest in medicine surfaced when her brother was seriously injured in a gunpowder explosion.ย  She recalled that โ€œat that time I thought that women were nurses.ย  I didnโ€™t know they were doctors.ย  When I learned that women were doctors, I said `Ah, thatโ€™s what I want to beโ€™.โ€ย  In 1913 Ruth Temple was invited to speak to the Los Angeles Forum, an African American cultural and political organization established in 1903.ย  She so impressed Forum members, especiallyย  prominent black activist, T.W. Troy, thatย they โ€œbecame deeply interested in my potential,โ€ and โ€œdid the unprecedented thingโ€ of sponsoringย  her with a five-year scholarship to the College of Medical Evangelists (which is now Loma Linda University).

In 1918 Ruth Temple became the first black female to graduate from Loma Linda University.ย  In that same year she opened the first health clinic in the medically underserved community of southeast Los Angeles.ย  Unable to secure financial support to sustain the clinic, Temple and her husband, real estate developer Otis Banks, bought a house in east Los Angeles which they converted into the Temple Health Institute which provided free medical services and created the Health Study Club program which provided health education to parents, teachers, and school children.ย  The health clinicโ€™s model was duplicated in communities across the nation.

Ruth Templeโ€™s internship in maternity service at the Los Angeles Health Department (1923-28) inspired her to specialize in obstetrics and gynecology.ย  In 1941 the Los Angeles Health Department offered her a scholarship to pursue her Masterโ€™s degree in public health at Yale University.ย ย  Despite the prevailing racial prejudices, Temple was on the teaching staff of White Memorial Hospital in Los Angeles where she taught white medical students.ย  She held many prominent positions with the Los Angeles Public Health Department from 1942 to 1962 and received numerous awards and honors.ย  In 1983 the East Los Angeles Health Center was renamed the Dr. Ruth Temple Health Center.ย  In 1984, Dr. Ruth Temple died in Los Angeles at the age of ninety-one.

About the Author

Author Profile

Shirley Ann Wilson Moore received her Ph.D. in American history from the University of California, Berkeley in 1989. She is Professor Emerita of History at California State University, Sacramento where she taught undergraduate and graduate classes and seminars in American History, specializing in African American history, African American Western history, and the history of African American Western women. Her most recent book, Sweet Freedomโ€™s Plains African Americans on the Overland Trails, 1841-1869 (University of Oklahoma Press, 2016), won the 2018 Barbara Sudler Award for best non-fiction work on a western American subject authored by a woman. Her first book, To Place Our Deeds: The African American Community in Richmond, California, 1910-1963 (University of California Press, 2000), was the recipient of the Richmond Museumโ€™s Historical Preservation Award, 2000. Her second book, co-edited with Quintard Taylor, African American Women Confront the West, 1600-2000 (University of Oklahoma Press, 2003), received the American Library Associationโ€™s CHOICE Award in 2004.

She is the author of numerous journal articles, essays, and book chapters including: โ€œAnonymous Black Gold Seeker at Auburn Ravine, 1852,โ€ Bulletin, California State Library, no. 128, November 2020;โ€ โ€œPassing,โ€ Afterword to Robert Chandlerโ€™s Black and White: Lithographer and Painter Grafton Tyler Brown, (University of Oklahoma Press, 2014); โ€œโ€˜I Want It to Come Out Right,โ€™โ€ Forward to Rudolph M. Lappโ€™s Archy Lee: A California Fugitive Slave Case (Berkeley: Heyday Books, 2008); โ€No Cold Weather to Grapple With: African American Expectations of California, 1900-1950,โ€ Journal of the West, vol. 44, no. 2, Spring 2005; โ€œโ€˜We Feel the Want of Protection: The Politics of Law and Race in California, 1848-1878,โ€™โ€ Taming the Elephant: Politics, Government and Law in Pioneer California,โ€ John F. Burns and Richard J. Orsi, ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press and the California Historical Society, 2003); โ€œโ€˜Your Life is Really Not Just Your Ownโ€™: African American Women in Twentieth Century California,โ€ Seeking El Dorado; African Americans in California, 1769-1997, Lawrence De Graaf, Kevin Mulroy & Quintard Taylor, ed. (Los Angeles: Autry Museum and Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001); โ€œโ€˜Do You Think Iโ€™ll Lug Trunks?โ€™โ€ African Americans in Gold Rush California,โ€ Kenneth Owens, ed., Riches for All: The California Gold Rush and the World, (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002).

She has served on advisory boards, boards of trustees, and professional committees including: Liberty Legacy Foundation Award Committee, Organization of American History (Chair, 2011-2012); Advisor, National Park Service Rosie the Riveter/Home Front Project (2004-2013); Caughy Prize Committee, Western History Association; Black Overland Trails Wagon Project (2009-2012); Billington Award Committee, Western History Association,(1999-2002); Joan Jensen-Darlis Miller Prize Committee, Western History Association (2000-2001); California Historical Society Board of Trustees(1990-1995); California Council for the Humanities (1996-1999).

Dr. Moore has served as a consultant and on-camera historian for documentary films including โ€œAfrican American Motoring: The Green Book,โ€ Donner Memorial State Park, Laurence Campling, Producer/Director, 2017; โ€œRosie the Riveter WWII Homefront National Historical Park,โ€ (National Park Service), 2012; โ€œRising Above: Building the Indomitable City,โ€ Laurence Campling, Producer/Director, (in partnership with the Center for Sacramento History and Historic Old Sacramento Foundation), 2011; โ€œMeet Mary Ellen Pleasant: Mother of Civil Rights in California.โ€ (Susheel Bibbs, Producer/Director, MEP Productions, broadcast on PBS), 2008; Disney Corporation, California Adventure Theme Park and โ€œGolden Dreamsโ€ film (2000).

CITE THIS ENTRY IN APA FORMAT:

Moore, S. (2007, January 22). Ruth Janetta Temple (1892-1984). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/temple-ruth-janetta-1892-1984/

Source of the Author's Information:

Darlene Clark Hine, Elsa Barkley Brown, Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 2, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994), 1156-1157.

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